The question
Four guards stand in a line. Each guard either always speaks or always stays silent. When questioned, the
visitor hears:
- Guard 1 says, “I am not the only one who speaks.”
- Guard 2 says nothing.
- Guard 3 says, “Guard 4 is silent.”
- Guard 4 says nothing.
Which guards are the speakers and which stay silent?
Hints
The speaking guards only tell the truth, so their statements describe what is actually happening.
Answer
Guards 2 and 4 must be the silent ones because they never say anything. Guard 3 claims that Guard 4 is silent,
which is true, so Guard 3 must speak. Guard 1 insists he is not the only speaker, which is also true since Guard
3 speaks as well. Therefore Guards 1 and 3 are the speakers, and Guards 2 and 4 stay silent.